In the 21^st century, population growth affects food demand, especially rice. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease, the worldwide rice production problem. As pathogen pathotypes vary, research into disease control advances...

Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Spodoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive pests of maize that has been reported around the world. Control efforts using biological agents continue to be developed, including the use of entomopathogen bacteria such as Bacillus thuringiensis. To...

Predator diversity decreases because of low ecosystem quality in modern agriculture that applies monoculture systems. However, polyculture systems in paddy fields can improve biodiversity, including pests, natural enemies, and microorganisms. Surjan is a local polyculture farming...

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a promising technology for controlling viral diseases, including pepper yellow leaf curl disease (PYLCD) of chili pepper caused by Begomovirus infection. The objectives of this research were to investigate the effectiveness of PGPR...

This research aimed to study the efficacy of the fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum as a bionematicide to control root-knot nematodes (RKN). Two steps of experiments were carried out in this study. The first experiment involved the application of various levels of bionematicide doses to...

Purple blotch, caused by Alternaria porri, affects leaves and tubers, leading to reduced yields. Traditionally, synthetic chemical fungicides were heavily relied upon for control. As an alternative, biocontrol agents like actinomycetes have gained attention. Some actinomycetes can...