Population dynamic and pheromone use for early monitoring of Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Indonesia

Main Article Content

Witjaksono
Y. Andi Trisyono
Heru Rezki Tanjung
Zulfa Azzahra

Abstract

Beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) poses a challenge for shallot production because it can exist in fields throughout the year. This study aims to observe the dynamic population during shallot off and on-seasons. Additionally, this study aims to determine the correlation between S. exigua moth captures and damage intensity. The research was conducted from November to May in Kretek Village, Parangtritis District, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Population dynamic observations of S. exigua during the off-season and on-season were conducted in a 100 x 100 m plot with ten pheromone traps installed. The early monitoring study consisted of two treatments: installed pheromone and control (without the installation of pheromones). The plots were separated by approximately 500 m and were approximately 3500 m2 in size. The results showed that S. exigua exists and can survive during shallot off-season and on-season planting periods. The number of male S. exigua moths captured during the on-season was higher compared to the off-season. The fluctuation of rainfall and the number of S. exigua during the off and on-seasons were also observed, showing that rainfall significantly affected the number of S. exigua moths captured. However, the relationship between rainfall and S. exigua population needs further study. Strong positive correlations between population and damage intensity in pheromone-treated fields between three to seven days after observation (DAO) demonstrated that pheromone traps can be used as a monitoring tool for S. exigua. The close correlation between the S. exigua captured and the intensity of the damage that will occur can be prevented by controlling them by farmers.

Article Details

How to Cite
(1)
Witjaksono, W.; Trisyono, Y. A.; Tanjung, H. R.; Azzahra, Z. Population Dynamic and Pheromone Use for Early Monitoring of Spodoptera Exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Indonesia. J Trop Plant Pests Dis 2024, 24, 91-97.


Section
Articles

References

Acín P, Rosell G, Guerrero A, & Quero C. 2010. Sex pheromone of the spanish population of the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua. J. Chem. Ecol. 36(7): 778–786. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-010-9817-z

Ahmad F, Saeed S, Chen T, & Saeed Q. 2021. Lifetable analysis of Spodoptera exigua Hübner on alternate hosts from cotton agroecosystem for estimating annual population build-up. Int. J. Pest Manag. 67(3): 252–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2020.1746860

Arulkumar G, Manisegaran S, Nalini R, & Mathialagan M. 2017. Seasonable abundance of beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua ( Hubner ) infesting onion with weather factors in Madurai district of Tamil Nadu. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud. 5(6): 1157–1162.

Benelli G, Lucchi A, Thomson D, & Ioriatti C. 2019. Sex pheromone aerosol devices for mating disruption: Challenges for a brighter future. Insects. 10(10): 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10100308

Binns MR & Nyrop JP. 1992. Sampling insect populations for the purpose of IPM decision making. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 37: 427–453. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.37.010192.002235

Capinera JL. 1969. Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Edis. 2002(6): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-in262-1999

Falsafi H, Alipanah H, Ostovan H, Hesami S, & Zahiri R. 2022. Forecasting the potential distribution of Spodoptera exigua and S. littoralis (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in Iran. J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 25(3): 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2022.101956

Greenberg SM, Sappington TW, Legaspi JrBC, Liu TX, & Sétamou M. 2001. Feeding and life history of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on different host plants. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 94(4): 566–575. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0566:FALHOS]2.0.CO;2

Hartini E. 2011. Kadar Plumbum (Pb) dalam Umbi Bawang Merah di Kecamatan Kersana Kabupaten Brebes. Jurnal Visikes. 10(1): 69–75.

Hidayah BN, Adnyana IPCP, Suparjan, Aisah AR, & Rahayu M. 2023. Moonlight and rainfall influence efficacy of sex pheromones in controlling Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Shallot. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 1165: 012009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1165/1/012009

Hong SJ, Kim SY, Kim E, Lee CH, Lee JS, Lee DS, Bang J, & Kim G. 2020. Moth detection from pheromone trap images using deep learning object detectors. Agriculture. 10(5): 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10050170

Ishtiaq M, Saleem MA, & Razaq M. 2012. Monitoring of resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Crop Prot. 33: 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2011.11.014

Kumar R, Chandel RS, Anil, Mehta V, & Kalpana HS. 2020. Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), a newly emerging pest of potato in Himachal Pradesh. Indian J. Entomol. 82(4): 842–845. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-8172.2020.00108.X

Kusumawati R, Sahetapy B, & Noya SH. 2022. Uji Ketertarikan Imago Spodoptera exigua Hubner terhadap Beberapa Perangkap pada Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium cepa var ascolonicum ). Agrologia. 11(1): 59–66.

Lanzotti, V. 2006. The analysis of onion and garlic. J. Chromatogr. A. 1112(1–2): 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.12.016

Laurent P & Frérot B. 2007. Monitoring of European corn borer with pheromone-baited traps: Review of trapping system basics and remaining problems. J. Econ. Entomol. 100(6): 1797–1807. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/100.6.1797

Lestari D, Wagiman FX, & Martono E. 2020. Appropriate Number of Sex Pheromone Trap for Monitoring Spodoptera exigua Hubner ( Lepidoptera?: Noctuidae ) Moths on Shallot Field. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia. 24(2): 229–232. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.23370

Marsadi D, Suparta IW, & Sunari AAAS. 2017. Invasion and Attack level of Beet Armyworm (Spodoptera exigua Hubner) on

Two Cultivars of Onion in Songan Village, Kintamani, Regency of Bangli. E-Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika. 6(4): 360–369.

Mehta V, Jayaram CS, Koranga R, & Nrgi N. 2021. Developmental Biology of Spodoptera exigua ( Hubner ) ( Lepidoptera?: Noctuidae ) on Tomato under Mid hills ( sub-humid ) Conditions of India. Biological Forum – An International Journal. 13(13a): 10–15.

Paparang M, Memah VV, & Kaligis JB. 2016. Populasi dan persentase serangan larva Spodoptera exigua Hubner pada tanaman bawang daun dan bawang merah di Desa Ampreng Kecamatan Langowan Barat [Population and percentage of Spodoptera exigua Hubner larval infestation on green onions and shallots in Ampreng Village, West Langowan District]. Cocos. 7(7): 1–10.

Moekasan TK, Setiawati W, Hasan F, Runa R, & Somantri A. 2013. Determination of Control Threshold of Spodoptera exigua on Shallots Using Pheromonoid Sex. J. Hort. 23(1): 80–90. https://doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v23n1.2013.p80-90

Mujiono K & Putra NS. 2015. The sex pheromone content of the Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) under artificial and natural diets. IJSE. 8(2): 146–150. https://doi.org/10.12777/ijse.8.2.146-150

Ramesh BS & Singh B. 2022. Population dynamics of Spodoptera exigua (F.) and S. litura (F.) in soybean. Indian J. Entomol. 84(4): 819–823. https://doi.org/10.55446/IJE.2021.93

Reddy GVP, & Tangtrakulwanich, K. 2014. Potential Application of Pheromones in Monitoring, Mating Disruption, and Control of Click Beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae). ISRN Entomology. 2014: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/531061

Tewari S, Leskey TC, Nielsen AL, Piñero JC, & Rodriguez-Saona CR. 2014. Use of pheromones in insect pest management, with special attention to weevil pheromones. In: Abrol DP (Ed.). Integrated Pest Management: Current Concepts and Ecological Perspective. pp. 141–168. Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-398529-3.00010-5

Ujiyani F, Trisyono YA, Witjaksono W, & Suputa S. 2019. Population of Spodoptera exigua Hübner during on- and off-season of shallot in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia. 23(2): 261-269. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.36740

Valentino & Thaha AR. 2019. Pengendalian hama Spodoptera exigua Hubner pada tanaman bawang merah varietas Lembah Palu dengan penggunaan pupuk dan mulsa [Management of Spodoptera exigua Hubner on shallot plants of Lembah Palu variety using fertilizers and mulch]. J. Agroland. 26(2): 86–95. https://doi.org/10.22487/j.24077607.2019.v26.i2.13057

Wahyuni S, Hestina J, Saliem HP, Pasaribu S, & Kustiari R. 2020. Shallot penetration in the export market. International Conference on Agriculture and Applied Science (ICoAAS) 2020. pp. 196–202. https://jurnal.polinela.ac.id/ICoAAS2020/article/view/2194

Witzgall P, Kirsch P, & Cork A. 2010. Sex pheromones and their impact on pest management. J. Chem. Ecol. 36: 80–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-009-9737-y