KEMAMPUAN BAKTERI ENDOFIT TANAMAN SEMANGKA DALAM MENEKAN PERKEMBANGAN PENYAKIT BERCAK DAUN YANG DISEBABKAN OLEH JAMUR COLLETOTRICHUM SP.

Eryna Elfasari Rangkuti; Dwi Suryanto .; Kiki Nurtjahja .; Erman Munir .

doi:10.23960/j.hptt.214170-177

Authors

Eryna Elfasari Rangkuti Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Bioteknologi No.1, Kampus USU, Medan, Indonesia 20155
Dwi Suryanto . Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Bioteknologi No.1, Kampus USU, Medan, Indonesia 20155
Kiki Nurtjahja . Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Bioteknologi No.1, Kampus USU, Medan, Indonesia 20155
Erman Munir . Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Bioteknologi No.1, Kampus USU, Medan, Indonesia 20155

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.214170-177

Keywords:

Colletotrichum sp., endophytic bacteria, leaf spot disease, watermelon

Abstract

Ability of watermelon endophytic bacteria to suppress development of leaf spot disease caused by Colletotrichum sp. A studi on assay of endophytic bacteria to control Colletotrichum sp., causal agent of leaf spot disease on watermelon, was conducted. Colletotrichum sp. was isolated from infected leaf of leaf spot disease, while endophytic bacteria were isolated from stem, leaf, and root of watermelon healthy plant. Antagonistic assay was conducted by dual culture method. Hyphal abnormalities as a result of antagonistic assay was observed using light microscope. To determine the ability of endophytic bacterial isolates to control leaf spot disease, watermelon seeds were treated by dipping the seed in endophytic bacterial suspension. Seven endophytic bacterial isolates showed to inhibit Colletotrichum sp. to some extent. Two isolates DS 01 and BS 01 showed relatively high inhibition zone compared to others, therefore were choosen for further study. Abnormal hyphae such as broken, lysis, twisted, curled, and swollen hyphae were recorded as the result of antagonistic assay. Watermelon seed treatment revealed that dipping the seed in endophytic bacterial suspension of DS 01 and BS 01 reduced leaf spot disease to 12 and 24%, but inhibited seed growth by 12% and 44%, respectively. It seemed that all treatments showed to reduce seedling performance i.e seedling height, leaf number, and dry weight, compared to that of (-) control. DS 01 however seemed to increase dry weight of watermelon plants.

References

Alexopoulos CJ & Mims CW. 1979. Introductory of Mycology. 3rd edition. John Willey and Sons. New York.

Anitha A & Rabeeth M. 2009. Control of Fusarium wilt of tomato by bioformulation of Streptomyces griseus in green house condition. Afr. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 1(1–2): 9–14.

Arora NK, Min JK, Kang SC, & Maheshwari DK. 2007. Role of chitinase and [beta]-1,3-glucanase activities produced by a fluorescent pseudomonad and inhibition of Phytophthora capsici and Rhizoctonia solani. Can. J. Microbiol. 53(2): 207–212.

Attia. M, Awad NM, Turky AS, & Hamed HA. 2011. Induction of defense responses in soybean plants against Macrophomina phaseolina by some strains of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 7(11): 1507–1517.

Compant SB, Duffy NJ, Clement C, & Barka A. 2005. Use of plant growth promoting bacteria for biocontrol of plant disease: principle, mechanism of action, and future prospect. Appl Environ Microbiol. 71(9): 4951–4959.

El-Tarabily KA, Soliman MH, Nassar AH, Al-Hassani HA, Sivasithamparam K, McKennad F, & Hardy GEStJ. 2000. Biological control of Sclerotinia minor using a chitinolytic bacterium and actinomycetes. Plant Pathol. 49: 573–583.

Getha K & Vikineswary S. 2002. Antagonistic effects of Streptomyces violaceusniger strain G10 on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense race 4: Indirect evidence for the role of antibiosis in the antagonistic process. J. Ind. Microbiol Biotechnol. 28(6): 303–310.

Govindappa M, Ravishankar RV, & Lokesh S. 2011. Screening of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates for biological control of Macrophomina phaseolina root-rot of safflower. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 6 (29): 6256–6266.

Haggag WM. 2010. Role of entophytic microorganisms in biocontrol of plant diseases. Life Sci J. 7(2): 57–62.

Minaxi & Saxena J. 2010. Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa RM-3 as a potential biocontrol agent. Mycopathologia 170(3): 181–193.

Radu S & Kqueen CY. 2002. Preliminary screening of endophytic fungi from medicinal plants in malaysia for antimicrobial and antitumor activity. Malays. J. Med. Sci. 9(2): 23–33.

Ramamoorthy V, Raguchander T, & Samiyappan R. 2002. Enhancing resistance of tomato and hot pepper to Pythium diseases by seed treatment with fluorescent pseudomonads. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 108(8): 429–441.

Suryanto D, Irawati N, & Munir E. 2011. Isolation and characterization of chitinolytic bacteria and their potential to inhibit plant pathogenic fungi. Microbiol Indones. 5(3): 144–148.

Suryanto D, Wibowo RH, Siregar EBM, & Munir E. 2012. A possibility of chitinolytic bacteria utilization to control basal stems disease caused by Ganoderma boninense in oil palm seedling. Afri. J. Microbiol Res. 6(9): 2053–2059.

Ziedan EHE. 2006. Manipulating endophytic bacteria for biological control to soil borne diseases of peanut. J Appl Sci Res. 2(8): 497–502.