Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika

Description of the morphology, morphometric, and molecular of Aphelenchoides fragariae (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae) causing crimp disease of strawberry in Indonesia

Mon, 03 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Aphelenchoides fragariae, commonly known as strawberry crimp nematodes, primarily target the aerial parts of plants, affecting both internal and external structures. In Indonesia, where strawberries are predominantly cultivated in highland regions, the presence of strawberry crimp disease has been confirmed. Infected plants exhibit symptoms such as stunted growth, reddened foliage, crimped or curled leaves, and malformed buds and blooms. Aboveground damage caused by the nematodes includes contorted shoots, undersized leaves, and reddish petioles, often accompanied by discolored patches on the foliage. These symptoms significantly impair the growth and productivity of strawberry plants, highlighting the nematode’s potential as a serious pest in these regions. The identification of A. fragariae was achieved through a combination of morphological and molecular characterization methods. Species confirmation relied on PCR amplification of the nematode’s cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, using primers (COI F and COI R) designed in the laboratory. The amplification yielded a specific fragment of approximately 550 base pairs, which was sequenced for further analysis. Sequence alignment revealed identity levels ranging from 82.8% to 99.7%, confirming the presence of A. fragariae. The resulting sequences were deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers LC804455 (A. fragariae isolate RB) and LC804456 (A. fragariae isolate LB), providing a valuable resource for future studies on this nematode species.

Bio-attractant innovation with nano-gel technology to detect and control Silba adipata McAlpine on white cayenne peppers in Bali, Indonesia

Mon, 03 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Silba adipata is a new pest that attacks white chili pepper in Bali, Indonesia. Most farmers control this pest with synthetic insecticides although this method poses significant risks to human health and the environment. Therefore, innovations and control technologies that are environmentally friendly and sustainable are urgently needed. Preliminary results show that S. adipata frequently attacks local figs (Ficus variegata) in Bali. Dried figs (Ficus carica) have been reported to effectively attract S. adipata adults. This study aims to (1) determine the phytochemical compounds in F. variegata fruit extracts that have the potential to act as attractants for S. adipata during the process of searching for and locating host plants; (2) evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of F. variegata fruit extract, nano fruit extract, and nanogel fruit extract as attractants for S. adipata on cayenne pepper plants. The methods used to achieve these objectives were (1) LC-MS/MS analysis for phytochemical profiling, and (2) a preference test to evaluate attractant efficacy. The results revealed that the phytochemical profile of F. variegata fruit extract includes 5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8,8-dimethylpirano[2,3-h]chromen-4-one, with the highest compound content (68.74%) in the fruit aged 9-16 weeks. The application of nanogel extract at a 50% concentration was highly effective and efficient as a biological attractant for S. adipata on white chilli plants in Bali. These findings strongly support the development of integrated pest management strategies in Indonesia.

Corrigendum: Antifungal evaluation of turmeric rhizome extract against Colletotrichum capsici, the causal agent of anthracnose on red-chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)

Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

A corrigendum on

Antifungal evaluation of turmeric rhizome extract against Colletotrichum capsici, the causal agent of anthracnose on red-chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)

by Akin, HM, Aggraini D, Wibowo L, Prasetyo J & Suharjo R. 2024. J. Trop Plant Pests Dis. 24(1): 75–81. https://doi.org/10.23960/jhptt.12475-81

In the original article, on page 77, the formula for disease intensity has an incomplete legend.

The authors apologize for this mistake and clarify that it does not affect the scientific conclusions of the article. The original version has been corrected

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Molecular characterization of Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) on Helicoverpa armigera Hübner larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Wed, 21 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) is a type of biological agent that can be effectively used as a bioinsecticide to control the cob borer caterpillar in corn. Among these viruses, HearNPV (Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus) stands out due to its host specificity, environmentally safety, and lack of harm to non-target organisms. The primary objective of this study was to elucidate the molecular characteristics of the DNA polymerase gene of HearNPV. To achieve this, caterpillars were collected from the field, then reared and inoculated in the laboratory under controlled conditions. Following propagation, viral genomic DNA was extracted using a modified CTAB (Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide) protocol, which is commonly employed for its efficiency in isolating high-quality DNA from various sources. Subsequently, DNA amplification was performed using specific primers: forward primer HearNPV F and reverse primer HearNPV R. These primers were designed to target the DNA polymerase gene, a crucial component in viral replication and a key marker for phylogenetic studies. The results of the phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Bogor strains of HearNPV shared a high degree of similarity with NPVs that infect other species within the Helicoverpa genus, including strains from Spain, Australia, Brazil, Russia, and Japan. Specifically, the nucleotide sequence homology ranged from 98.4% to 99.4%, while the amino acid sequence homology ranged from 98.2% to 99.2%. This high level of homology suggests a close evolutionary relationship and potentially similar biological characteristics among these NPV strains.

Application of Trichoderma Isolate consortium in organic fertilizer for controlling shallot twisted disease

Thu, 08 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of applying a consortium of Trichoderma spp. isolates to a type of organic fertilizer that is effective in controlling twisted disease and on the growth and yield of shallot plants. The study utilized a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of eight treatments with four replications. The treatments examined werea= as follows: P₀ = control, P₁ = 5 tons per ha of chicken manure fertilizer, P₂ = 5 tons per ha of chicken manure fertilizer and consortium of two Trichoderma spp. isolates, P₃ = 5 tons per ha of chicken manure fertilizer and consortium of three Trichoderma spp. isolates, P₄ = 5 tons per ha of chicken manure fertilizer, 20 tons per ha trichocompost, and a consortium of two Trichoderma spp. isolates, P₅ = 5 tons per ha of chicken manure fertilizer, 20 tons per ha trichocompost, and consortium of three Trichoderma spp. isolates, P₆ = 20 tons per ha of trichocompost and a consortium of two Trichoderma spp. isolates, and P₇ = 20 tons per ha of trichocompost and a consortium of three Trichoderma spp. isolates. The results showed that the twisted disease incidence in treatment P4 was the lowest (14.52%) at 8 weeks after planting. The plant height was of 39.10 cm, with 29.8 leaves per clump at 7 WAP, and the dried bulb weight was 112.4 g per clump. In conclusion, the application of chicken manure fertilizer at a dose of 5 ton per ha, combined with 20 tons per ha of trichocompost and a consortium of two Trichoderma spp. isolates, could control twisted disease in shallot.