Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika

Identification and sensitivity testing of whip smut pathogen on sugarcane to fungicides and plant extracts

2025-03-13T04:24:06+00:00

Whip smut symptoms have emerged in sugarcane plantations in Central Lampung Regency, Lampung Province. However, the identity of the pathogen and its sensitivity to various fungicidal active ingredients remain unclear. This study aims to identify the whip smut pathogen in sugarcane plantations in Central Lampung Regency and evaluate its sensitivity to different fungicidal active ingredients.The research involved morphological and molecular identification of the pathogen, along with sensitivity testing against fungicides containing carbendazim, prochloraz, and mancozeb, as well as plant-based fungicides derived from puyangan (Zingiber zerumbet) and jamuan (Curcuma zedoaria) extracts. Morphological analysis revealed that the whip smut pathogen has septate hyphae, cylindrical sporidia measuring 7.45–18.31 µm in length and 1.63–3.89 µm in width, and round, yellowish-brown teliospores with an average size of 6.39 × 6.66 µm. Molecular identification confirmed that the LA UKN isolate from Central Lampung Regency belongs to Sporisorium scitamineum, with a bootstrap value of 93%. Sensitivity testing indicated that the pathogen is highly susceptible to carbendazim and prochloraz but less sensitive to mancozeb, puyangan extract, and jamuan extract.

Description of the morphology, morphometric, and molecular of Aphelenchoides fragariae (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae) causing crimp disease of strawberry in Indonesia

2025-02-03T04:24:26+00:00

Aphelenchoides fragariae, commonly known as strawberry crimp nematodes, primarily target the aerial parts of plants, affecting both internal and external structures. In Indonesia, where strawberries are predominantly cultivated in highland regions, the presence of strawberry crimp disease has been confirmed. Infected plants exhibit symptoms such as stunted growth, reddened foliage, crimped or curled leaves, and malformed buds and blooms. Aboveground damage caused by the nematodes includes contorted shoots, undersized leaves, and reddish petioles, often accompanied by discolored patches on the foliage. These symptoms significantly impair the growth and productivity of strawberry plants, highlighting the nematode’s potential as a serious pest in these regions. The identification of A. fragariae was achieved through a combination of morphological and molecular characterization methods. Species confirmation relied on PCR amplification of the nematode’s cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, using primers (COI F and COI R) designed in the laboratory. The amplification yielded a specific fragment of approximately 550 base pairs, which was sequenced for further analysis. Sequence alignment revealed identity levels ranging from 82.8% to 99.7%, confirming the presence of A. fragariae. The resulting sequences were deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers LC804455 (A. fragariae isolate RB) and LC804456 (A. fragariae isolate LB), providing a valuable resource for future studies on this nematode species.

Bio-attractant innovation with nano-gel technology to detect and control Silba adipata McAlpine on white cayenne peppers in Bali, Indonesia

2025-02-03T04:45:43+00:00

Silba adipata is a new pest that attacks white chili pepper in Bali, Indonesia. Most farmers control this pest with synthetic insecticides although this method poses significant risks to human health and the environment. Therefore, innovations and control technologies that are environmentally friendly and sustainable are urgently needed. Preliminary results show that S. adipata frequently attacks local figs (Ficus variegata) in Bali. Dried figs (Ficus carica) have been reported to effectively attract S. adipata adults. This study aims to (1) determine the phytochemical compounds in F. variegata fruit extracts that have the potential to act as attractants for S. adipata during the process of searching for and locating host plants; (2) evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of F. variegata fruit extract, nano fruit extract, and nanogel fruit extract as attractants for S. adipata on cayenne pepper plants. The methods used to achieve these objectives were (1) LC-MS/MS analysis for phytochemical profiling, and (2) a preference test to evaluate attractant efficacy. The results revealed that the phytochemical profile of F. variegata fruit extract includes 5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8,8-dimethylpirano[2,3-h]chromen-4-one, with the highest compound content (68.74%) in the fruit aged 9-16 weeks. The application of nanogel extract at a 50% concentration was highly effective and efficient as a biological attractant for S. adipata on white chilli plants in Bali. These findings strongly support the development of integrated pest management strategies in Indonesia.

Integrated pest management strategies for controlling Etiella zinckenella in peanut cultivation: field evaluation of sustainable approaches

2025-03-07T04:55:39+00:00

Etiella zinckenella is a significant pest of peanuts in Indonesia, causing pod yield losses of up to 100% in infested fields. This study aims to identify an appropriate strategy for the sustainable management of E. zinckenella by validating the effectiveness of various integrated pest management approaches through field trials. The experiment was conducted in two locations, Natar (Lampung) and Muneng (East Java), using 11 treatment combinations with three replications. The peanut variety planted was Gajah (GH 51). The treatments included a range of pest control technologies, such as seed treatment with thiamethoxam, application of carbofuran, neem seed powder (NSP), release of Trichogrammatoidea bactrae-bactrae, application of Spodoptera litura Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (SlNPV), trap crops (Crotalaria, soybean, maize, mung bean), organic fertilizer, and lambda-cyhalothrin. The findings revealed that the population density of pod borers and the extent of pod and seed damage were higher in Natar than in Muneng. In Natar, pod damage ranged from 43.7% to 76.3%, with the highest levels recorded in untreated plots and those treated with lambda-cyhalothrin. Similarly, the highest pest population densities in Natar were observed in untreated plots and those treated with lambda-cyhalothrin. In contrast, Muneng exhibited significantly lower pod damage, ranging from 0.2% to 2.6%, with the highest recorded damage at 2.64%. The most effective pest management strategy in both locations was a combination of thiamethoxam seed treatment, carbofuran, NSP, T. bactrae-bactrae, SlNPV, and Crotalaria trap crops, which reduced pod damage to 43.7% in Natar and 0.2% in Muneng. These results suggest that an integrated pest management approach effectively mitigates E. zinckenella infestations in endemic areas. This method not only minimizes pest damage but also helps maintain populations of natural enemies, including Formicidae, Coccinella sp., Paederus sp., and Oxyopes sp., thereby supporting ecological balance. Furthermore, trap crops such as maize, soybean, and mung bean, when planted around peanut fields, demonstrated considerable efficacy in reducing pest attacks compared relative to chemical insecticides, highlighting their potential for a sustainable pest management strategy.

Corrigendum: Antifungal evaluation of turmeric rhizome extract against Colletotrichum capsici, the causal agent of anthracnose on red-chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)

2024-09-30T07:54:55+00:00

A corrigendum on

Antifungal evaluation of turmeric rhizome extract against Colletotrichum capsici, the causal agent of anthracnose on red-chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)

by Akin, HM, Aggraini D, Wibowo L, Prasetyo J & Suharjo R. 2024. J. Trop Plant Pests Dis. 24(1): 75–81. https://doi.org/10.23960/jhptt.12475-81

In the original article, on page 77, the formula for disease intensity has an incomplete legend.

The authors apologize for this mistake and clarify that it does not affect the scientific conclusions of the article. The original version has been corrected

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